Well, I don’t think a heavier TPU material will work with your current construction. The forces applied ar simply too much, even with heavier material for the sleeves.
I look at the dyneema rope. The sleeve for the rope has ripped in the hole where the rope comes out. If you would have a small diameter piece of aluminium tubing in the sleeve instead of the rope, and then tied the poktoons together with rope around the pieces of tubing, it will hold up much better. Doing so will distribute the force over the whole section abd not just around the hole, because the stiffness of the aluminium. It would probably be enough with 12-15mm diameter tube.
About the construction, i have to ask: is the dyneema rope to prevent the pontoons from rolling outward, and the crossbraces to prevent the pontoons rolling inward, yes?